Controllable Data Generation with Hierarchical Neural Representations

Sheyang Tang, Xiaoyu Xu, Jiayan Qiu, Zhou Wang
Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR 267:58969-58988, 2025.

Abstract

Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) represent data as continuous functions using the parameters of a neural network, where data information is encoded in the parameter space. Therefore, modeling the distribution of such parameters is crucial for building generalizable INRs. Existing approaches learn a joint distribution of these parameters via a latent vector to generate new data, but such a flat latent often fails to capture the inherent hierarchical structure of the parameter space, leading to entangled data semantics and limited control over the generation process. Here, we propose a Controllable Hierarchical Implicit Neural Representation (CHINR) framework, which explicitly models conditional dependencies across layers in the parameter space. Our method consists of two stages: In Stage-1, we construct a Layers-of-Experts (LoE) network, where each layer modulates distinct semantics through a unique latent vector, enabling disentangled and expressive representations. In Stage-2, we introduce a Hierarchical Conditional Diffusion Model (HCDM) to capture conditional dependencies across layers, allowing for controllable and hierarchical data generation at various semantic granularities. Extensive experiments across different modalities demonstrate that CHINR improves generalizability and offers flexible hierarchical control over the generated content.

Cite this Paper

BibTeX
@InProceedings{pmlr-v267-tang25k, title = {Controllable Data Generation with Hierarchical Neural Representations}, author = {Tang, Sheyang and Xu, Xiaoyu and Qiu, Jiayan and Wang, Zhou}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning}, pages = {58969--58988}, year = {2025}, editor = {Singh, Aarti and Fazel, Maryam and Hsu, Daniel and Lacoste-Julien, Simon and Berkenkamp, Felix and Maharaj, Tegan and Wagstaff, Kiri and Zhu, Jerry}, volume = {267}, series = {Proceedings of Machine Learning Research}, month = {13--19 Jul}, publisher = {PMLR}, pdf = {https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mlresearch/v267/main/assets/tang25k/tang25k.pdf}, url = {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v267/tang25k.html}, abstract = {Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) represent data as continuous functions using the parameters of a neural network, where data information is encoded in the parameter space. Therefore, modeling the distribution of such parameters is crucial for building generalizable INRs. Existing approaches learn a joint distribution of these parameters via a latent vector to generate new data, but such a flat latent often fails to capture the inherent hierarchical structure of the parameter space, leading to entangled data semantics and limited control over the generation process. Here, we propose a Controllable Hierarchical Implicit Neural Representation (CHINR) framework, which explicitly models conditional dependencies across layers in the parameter space. Our method consists of two stages: In Stage-1, we construct a Layers-of-Experts (LoE) network, where each layer modulates distinct semantics through a unique latent vector, enabling disentangled and expressive representations. In Stage-2, we introduce a Hierarchical Conditional Diffusion Model (HCDM) to capture conditional dependencies across layers, allowing for controllable and hierarchical data generation at various semantic granularities. Extensive experiments across different modalities demonstrate that CHINR improves generalizability and offers flexible hierarchical control over the generated content.} }
Endnote
%0 Conference Paper %T Controllable Data Generation with Hierarchical Neural Representations %A Sheyang Tang %A Xiaoyu Xu %A Jiayan Qiu %A Zhou Wang %B Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning %C Proceedings of Machine Learning Research %D 2025 %E Aarti Singh %E Maryam Fazel %E Daniel Hsu %E Simon Lacoste-Julien %E Felix Berkenkamp %E Tegan Maharaj %E Kiri Wagstaff %E Jerry Zhu %F pmlr-v267-tang25k %I PMLR %P 58969--58988 %U https://proceedings.mlr.press/v267/tang25k.html %V 267 %X Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) represent data as continuous functions using the parameters of a neural network, where data information is encoded in the parameter space. Therefore, modeling the distribution of such parameters is crucial for building generalizable INRs. Existing approaches learn a joint distribution of these parameters via a latent vector to generate new data, but such a flat latent often fails to capture the inherent hierarchical structure of the parameter space, leading to entangled data semantics and limited control over the generation process. Here, we propose a Controllable Hierarchical Implicit Neural Representation (CHINR) framework, which explicitly models conditional dependencies across layers in the parameter space. Our method consists of two stages: In Stage-1, we construct a Layers-of-Experts (LoE) network, where each layer modulates distinct semantics through a unique latent vector, enabling disentangled and expressive representations. In Stage-2, we introduce a Hierarchical Conditional Diffusion Model (HCDM) to capture conditional dependencies across layers, allowing for controllable and hierarchical data generation at various semantic granularities. Extensive experiments across different modalities demonstrate that CHINR improves generalizability and offers flexible hierarchical control over the generated content.
APA
Tang, S., Xu, X., Qiu, J. & Wang, Z.. (2025). Controllable Data Generation with Hierarchical Neural Representations. Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning, in Proceedings of Machine Learning Research 267:58969-58988 Available from https://proceedings.mlr.press/v267/tang25k.html.

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