Text Has Curvature

Karish Grover, Hanqing Zeng, Yinglong Xia, Christos Faloutsos, Geoffrey J. Gordon
Proceedings of the 43rd International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR 306:36868-36904, 2026.

Abstract

Does natural language text have an intrinsic curvature? Language is increasingly modeled in curved geometries—hyperbolic spaces for hierarchy, mixed-curvature manifolds for compositional structure—yet a basic scientific question remains unresolved: what does curvature mean for text itself, in a way that is native to language rather than an artifact of the embedding space we choose? We argue that text does indeed have curvature, and show how to detect it, define it, and use it. To this end, we propose Texture, a text-native, word-level discrete curvature signal, and make three contributions. (a) Existence: We provide empirical and theoretical certificates that semantic inference in natural corpora is non-flat. (b) Definition: We define Texture as a signed two-axis curvature of the word-in-context belief field—the differential of reconciliation between prefix and suffix—measuring, via a debiased Schrödinger transport divergence, whether adding context from one side contracts the semantic effect of context from the other side (focus, positive) or expands it into competing continuations (fan-out, negative). (c) Utility: Texture is actionable: it serves as a general-purpose measurement and control primitive enabling geometry without geometric training; we instantiate it on two representative tasks, improving long-context inference through curvature-guided compression and retrieval-augmented generation through curvature-guided routing. Together, our results establish a text native curvature paradigm, making Texture practically useful.

Cite this Paper


BibTeX
@InProceedings{pmlr-v306-grover26b, title = {Text Has Curvature}, author = {Grover, Karish and Zeng, Hanqing and Xia, Yinglong and Faloutsos, Christos and Gordon, Geoffrey J.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 43rd International Conference on Machine Learning}, pages = {36868--36904}, year = {2026}, editor = {Zhang, Tong and Dudik, Miroslav and Jaggi, Martin and Agarwal, Alekh and Li, Sharon and Schuurmans, Dale and Zhu, Jerry and Berkenkamp, Felix and Dong, Hanze and Bietti, Alberto}, volume = {306}, series = {Proceedings of Machine Learning Research}, month = {06--11 Jul}, publisher = {PMLR}, pdf = {https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mlresearch/v306/main/assets/grover26b/grover26b.pdf}, url = {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v306/grover26b.html}, abstract = {Does natural language text have an intrinsic curvature? Language is increasingly modeled in curved geometries—hyperbolic spaces for hierarchy, mixed-curvature manifolds for compositional structure—yet a basic scientific question remains unresolved: what does curvature mean for text itself, in a way that is native to language rather than an artifact of the embedding space we choose? We argue that text does indeed have curvature, and show how to detect it, define it, and use it. To this end, we propose Texture, a text-native, word-level discrete curvature signal, and make three contributions. (a) Existence: We provide empirical and theoretical certificates that semantic inference in natural corpora is non-flat. (b) Definition: We define Texture as a signed two-axis curvature of the word-in-context belief field—the differential of reconciliation between prefix and suffix—measuring, via a debiased Schrödinger transport divergence, whether adding context from one side contracts the semantic effect of context from the other side (focus, positive) or expands it into competing continuations (fan-out, negative). (c) Utility: Texture is actionable: it serves as a general-purpose measurement and control primitive enabling geometry without geometric training; we instantiate it on two representative tasks, improving long-context inference through curvature-guided compression and retrieval-augmented generation through curvature-guided routing. Together, our results establish a text native curvature paradigm, making Texture practically useful.} }
Endnote
%0 Conference Paper %T Text Has Curvature %A Karish Grover %A Hanqing Zeng %A Yinglong Xia %A Christos Faloutsos %A Geoffrey J. Gordon %B Proceedings of the 43rd International Conference on Machine Learning %C Proceedings of Machine Learning Research %D 2026 %E Tong Zhang %E Miroslav Dudik %E Martin Jaggi %E Alekh Agarwal %E Sharon Li %E Dale Schuurmans %E Jerry Zhu %E Felix Berkenkamp %E Hanze Dong %E Alberto Bietti %F pmlr-v306-grover26b %I PMLR %P 36868--36904 %U https://proceedings.mlr.press/v306/grover26b.html %V 306 %X Does natural language text have an intrinsic curvature? Language is increasingly modeled in curved geometries—hyperbolic spaces for hierarchy, mixed-curvature manifolds for compositional structure—yet a basic scientific question remains unresolved: what does curvature mean for text itself, in a way that is native to language rather than an artifact of the embedding space we choose? We argue that text does indeed have curvature, and show how to detect it, define it, and use it. To this end, we propose Texture, a text-native, word-level discrete curvature signal, and make three contributions. (a) Existence: We provide empirical and theoretical certificates that semantic inference in natural corpora is non-flat. (b) Definition: We define Texture as a signed two-axis curvature of the word-in-context belief field—the differential of reconciliation between prefix and suffix—measuring, via a debiased Schrödinger transport divergence, whether adding context from one side contracts the semantic effect of context from the other side (focus, positive) or expands it into competing continuations (fan-out, negative). (c) Utility: Texture is actionable: it serves as a general-purpose measurement and control primitive enabling geometry without geometric training; we instantiate it on two representative tasks, improving long-context inference through curvature-guided compression and retrieval-augmented generation through curvature-guided routing. Together, our results establish a text native curvature paradigm, making Texture practically useful.
APA
Grover, K., Zeng, H., Xia, Y., Faloutsos, C. & Gordon, G.J.. (2026). Text Has Curvature. Proceedings of the 43rd International Conference on Machine Learning, in Proceedings of Machine Learning Research 306:36868-36904 Available from https://proceedings.mlr.press/v306/grover26b.html.

Related Material