Revisiting Photometric Ambiguity for Accurate Gaussian-Splatting Surface Reconstruction

Jiahe Li, Jiawei Zhang, Xiao Bai, Jin Zheng, Xiaohan Yu, Lin Gu, Gim Hee Lee
Proceedings of the 43rd International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR 306:72237-72259, 2026.

Abstract

Surface reconstruction with differentiable rendering has achieved impressive performance in recent years, yet the pervasive photometric ambiguities have strictly bottlenecked existing approaches. This paper presents AmbiSuR, a framework that explores an intrinsic solution upon Gaussian Splatting for the photometric ambiguity-robust surface reconstruction with high performance. Started by revisiting the foundation, our investigation uncovers two built-in primitive-wise ambiguities in representation, while revealing an intrinsic potential for ambiguity self-indication in Gaussian Splatting. Stemming from these, a photometric disambiguation is first introduced, constraining ill-posed geometry solution for definite surface formation. Then, we propose an ambiguity indication module that unleashes the self-indication potential to identify and further guide correcting underconstrained reconstructions. Extensive experiments demonstrate our superior performance in surface reconstruction compared to existing methods across various challenging scenarios, while excelling in broad compatibility. Our code will be made open-source upon acceptance.

Cite this Paper


BibTeX
@InProceedings{pmlr-v306-li26iz, title = {Revisiting Photometric Ambiguity for Accurate {G}aussian-Splatting Surface Reconstruction}, author = {Li, Jiahe and Zhang, Jiawei and Bai, Xiao and Zheng, Jin and Yu, Xiaohan and Gu, Lin and Lee, Gim Hee}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 43rd International Conference on Machine Learning}, pages = {72237--72259}, year = {2026}, editor = {Zhang, Tong and Dudik, Miroslav and Jaggi, Martin and Agarwal, Alekh and Li, Sharon and Schuurmans, Dale and Zhu, Jerry and Berkenkamp, Felix and Dong, Hanze and Bietti, Alberto}, volume = {306}, series = {Proceedings of Machine Learning Research}, month = {06--11 Jul}, publisher = {PMLR}, pdf = {https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mlresearch/v306/main/assets/li26iz/li26iz.pdf}, url = {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v306/li26iz.html}, abstract = {Surface reconstruction with differentiable rendering has achieved impressive performance in recent years, yet the pervasive photometric ambiguities have strictly bottlenecked existing approaches. This paper presents AmbiSuR, a framework that explores an intrinsic solution upon Gaussian Splatting for the photometric ambiguity-robust surface reconstruction with high performance. Started by revisiting the foundation, our investigation uncovers two built-in primitive-wise ambiguities in representation, while revealing an intrinsic potential for ambiguity self-indication in Gaussian Splatting. Stemming from these, a photometric disambiguation is first introduced, constraining ill-posed geometry solution for definite surface formation. Then, we propose an ambiguity indication module that unleashes the self-indication potential to identify and further guide correcting underconstrained reconstructions. Extensive experiments demonstrate our superior performance in surface reconstruction compared to existing methods across various challenging scenarios, while excelling in broad compatibility. Our code will be made open-source upon acceptance.} }
Endnote
%0 Conference Paper %T Revisiting Photometric Ambiguity for Accurate Gaussian-Splatting Surface Reconstruction %A Jiahe Li %A Jiawei Zhang %A Xiao Bai %A Jin Zheng %A Xiaohan Yu %A Lin Gu %A Gim Hee Lee %B Proceedings of the 43rd International Conference on Machine Learning %C Proceedings of Machine Learning Research %D 2026 %E Tong Zhang %E Miroslav Dudik %E Martin Jaggi %E Alekh Agarwal %E Sharon Li %E Dale Schuurmans %E Jerry Zhu %E Felix Berkenkamp %E Hanze Dong %E Alberto Bietti %F pmlr-v306-li26iz %I PMLR %P 72237--72259 %U https://proceedings.mlr.press/v306/li26iz.html %V 306 %X Surface reconstruction with differentiable rendering has achieved impressive performance in recent years, yet the pervasive photometric ambiguities have strictly bottlenecked existing approaches. This paper presents AmbiSuR, a framework that explores an intrinsic solution upon Gaussian Splatting for the photometric ambiguity-robust surface reconstruction with high performance. Started by revisiting the foundation, our investigation uncovers two built-in primitive-wise ambiguities in representation, while revealing an intrinsic potential for ambiguity self-indication in Gaussian Splatting. Stemming from these, a photometric disambiguation is first introduced, constraining ill-posed geometry solution for definite surface formation. Then, we propose an ambiguity indication module that unleashes the self-indication potential to identify and further guide correcting underconstrained reconstructions. Extensive experiments demonstrate our superior performance in surface reconstruction compared to existing methods across various challenging scenarios, while excelling in broad compatibility. Our code will be made open-source upon acceptance.
APA
Li, J., Zhang, J., Bai, X., Zheng, J., Yu, X., Gu, L. & Lee, G.H.. (2026). Revisiting Photometric Ambiguity for Accurate Gaussian-Splatting Surface Reconstruction. Proceedings of the 43rd International Conference on Machine Learning, in Proceedings of Machine Learning Research 306:72237-72259 Available from https://proceedings.mlr.press/v306/li26iz.html.

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