PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Model

Danny Driess, Fei Xia, Mehdi S. M. Sajjadi, Corey Lynch, Aakanksha Chowdhery, Brian Ichter, Ayzaan Wahid, Jonathan Tompson, Quan Vuong, Tianhe Yu, Wenlong Huang, Yevgen Chebotar, Pierre Sermanet, Daniel Duckworth, Sergey Levine, Vincent Vanhoucke, Karol Hausman, Marc Toussaint, Klaus Greff, Andy Zeng, Igor Mordatch, Pete Florence
Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR 202:8469-8488, 2023.

Abstract

Large language models excel at a wide range of complex tasks. However, enabling general inference in the real world, e.g. for robotics problems, raises the challenge of grounding. We propose embodied language models to directly incorporate real-world continuous sensor modalities into language models and thereby establish the link between words and percepts. Input to our embodied language model are multimodal sentences that interleave visual, continuous state estimation, and textual input encodings. We train these encodings end-to-end, in conjunction with a pre-trained large language model, for multiple embodied tasks including sequential robotic manipulation planning, visual question answering, and captioning. Our evaluations show that PaLM-E, a single large embodied multimodal model, can address a variety of embodied reasoning tasks, from a variety of observation modalities, on multiple embodiments, and further, exhibits positive transfer: the model benefits from diverse joint training across internet-scale language, vision, and visual-language domains. Our largest model with 562B parameters, in addition to being trained on robotics tasks, is a visual-language generalist with state-of-the-art performance on OK-VQA, and retains generalist language capabilities with increasing scale.

Cite this Paper

BibTeX
@InProceedings{pmlr-v202-driess23a, title = {{P}a{LM}-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Model}, author = {Driess, Danny and Xia, Fei and Sajjadi, Mehdi S. M. and Lynch, Corey and Chowdhery, Aakanksha and Ichter, Brian and Wahid, Ayzaan and Tompson, Jonathan and Vuong, Quan and Yu, Tianhe and Huang, Wenlong and Chebotar, Yevgen and Sermanet, Pierre and Duckworth, Daniel and Levine, Sergey and Vanhoucke, Vincent and Hausman, Karol and Toussaint, Marc and Greff, Klaus and Zeng, Andy and Mordatch, Igor and Florence, Pete}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning}, pages = {8469--8488}, year = {2023}, editor = {Krause, Andreas and Brunskill, Emma and Cho, Kyunghyun and Engelhardt, Barbara and Sabato, Sivan and Scarlett, Jonathan}, volume = {202}, series = {Proceedings of Machine Learning Research}, month = {23--29 Jul}, publisher = {PMLR}, pdf = {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v202/driess23a/driess23a.pdf}, url = {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v202/driess23a.html}, abstract = {Large language models excel at a wide range of complex tasks. However, enabling general inference in the real world, e.g. for robotics problems, raises the challenge of grounding. We propose embodied language models to directly incorporate real-world continuous sensor modalities into language models and thereby establish the link between words and percepts. Input to our embodied language model are multimodal sentences that interleave visual, continuous state estimation, and textual input encodings. We train these encodings end-to-end, in conjunction with a pre-trained large language model, for multiple embodied tasks including sequential robotic manipulation planning, visual question answering, and captioning. Our evaluations show that PaLM-E, a single large embodied multimodal model, can address a variety of embodied reasoning tasks, from a variety of observation modalities, on multiple embodiments, and further, exhibits positive transfer: the model benefits from diverse joint training across internet-scale language, vision, and visual-language domains. Our largest model with 562B parameters, in addition to being trained on robotics tasks, is a visual-language generalist with state-of-the-art performance on OK-VQA, and retains generalist language capabilities with increasing scale.} }
Endnote
%0 Conference Paper %T PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Model %A Danny Driess %A Fei Xia %A Mehdi S. M. Sajjadi %A Corey Lynch %A Aakanksha Chowdhery %A Brian Ichter %A Ayzaan Wahid %A Jonathan Tompson %A Quan Vuong %A Tianhe Yu %A Wenlong Huang %A Yevgen Chebotar %A Pierre Sermanet %A Daniel Duckworth %A Sergey Levine %A Vincent Vanhoucke %A Karol Hausman %A Marc Toussaint %A Klaus Greff %A Andy Zeng %A Igor Mordatch %A Pete Florence %B Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning %C Proceedings of Machine Learning Research %D 2023 %E Andreas Krause %E Emma Brunskill %E Kyunghyun Cho %E Barbara Engelhardt %E Sivan Sabato %E Jonathan Scarlett %F pmlr-v202-driess23a %I PMLR %P 8469--8488 %U https://proceedings.mlr.press/v202/driess23a.html %V 202 %X Large language models excel at a wide range of complex tasks. However, enabling general inference in the real world, e.g. for robotics problems, raises the challenge of grounding. We propose embodied language models to directly incorporate real-world continuous sensor modalities into language models and thereby establish the link between words and percepts. Input to our embodied language model are multimodal sentences that interleave visual, continuous state estimation, and textual input encodings. We train these encodings end-to-end, in conjunction with a pre-trained large language model, for multiple embodied tasks including sequential robotic manipulation planning, visual question answering, and captioning. Our evaluations show that PaLM-E, a single large embodied multimodal model, can address a variety of embodied reasoning tasks, from a variety of observation modalities, on multiple embodiments, and further, exhibits positive transfer: the model benefits from diverse joint training across internet-scale language, vision, and visual-language domains. Our largest model with 562B parameters, in addition to being trained on robotics tasks, is a visual-language generalist with state-of-the-art performance on OK-VQA, and retains generalist language capabilities with increasing scale.
APA
Driess, D., Xia, F., Sajjadi, M.S.M., Lynch, C., Chowdhery, A., Ichter, B., Wahid, A., Tompson, J., Vuong, Q., Yu, T., Huang, W., Chebotar, Y., Sermanet, P., Duckworth, D., Levine, S., Vanhoucke, V., Hausman, K., Toussaint, M., Greff, K., Zeng, A., Mordatch, I. & Florence, P.. (2023). PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Model. Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning, in Proceedings of Machine Learning Research 202:8469-8488 Available from https://proceedings.mlr.press/v202/driess23a.html.

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